Research Progress on the Risk Factor and Intervention of Eating Disorders in Adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/8cx95x53Keywords:
Eating disorders; Adolescents; Risk Factor; Intervention.Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are a growing public health issue, particularly among adolescents, due to their increasing prevalence and serious physical and psychological consequences. This review synthesizes empirical findings on risk factors contributing to adolescent EDs and evaluates the effectiveness of major psychological interventions. Evidence indicates that biological factors (e.g., ESR1 gene variations, estrogen fluctuations), psychological traits (e.g., depression, anxiety, perfectionism), and social influences (e.g., childhood trauma, thin-ideal media exposure, family dynamics) interact to increase ED risk. Among interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) effectively improved BMI and cognitive distortions over 20–40 weeks. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) reduced binge–purge behaviors and enhanced emotion regulation. Family-based therapy (FBT) helped restructure maladaptive family patterns, while self-compassion interventions improved body satisfaction and treatment accessibility. Adolescent EDs emerge from complex biopsychosocial interactions. Psychological treatments—particularly CBT, DBT, and FBT—demonstrate strong therapeutic outcomes. Self-compassion-based approaches provide promising adjunctive benefits and warrant further exploration, especially in scalable digital formats.
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